| Cochlear implant surgeons are challenged with the need to visualize the cochlea through the facial recess. The apex may need to be accessed if the basal turn is obstructed. The apex can be seen beneath the mid-belly of the tensor tympani muscle. The level of the apex can be predicted by the plane of the stapes footplate. A drill path over the capitulum and under the cocheariform process is shown. The facial recess and cochlea dimensions are shown relative to 1, 1.5 and 2mm burrs. |